Kev tsim ntawm Ukrainian lub teb chaws opera ua yeeb yam yog txuam nrog lub npe ntawm Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko. Tsuas yog 6 xyoo luv Oksana Petrusenko tau siv sijhawm nyob rau hauv Kyiv opera theem. Tab sis nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, muaj kev tshawb fawb muaj tswv yim thiab kev tshoov siab ua haujlwm, nws yeej qhov chaw qhuas ntawm cov masters ntawm Ukrainian opera art xws li: M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, S. M. Gaidai, M. I. Donets, I. S. Patorzhinsky, Yu S. Kiporenko-Damansky thiab. lwm tus.
Thaum lub sij hawm no, lub npe ntawm Oksana Petrusenko los ua nrov heev tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ukraine, tab sis kuj txawv teb chaws, qhov chaw uas nws ua yeeb yam los yog concerts. Tsis pub leejtwg paub ntawm nws txoj kev vam meej nyob rau hauv lub spontaneity thiab lub siab dawb paug ntawm nws kev ua tau zoo, nyob rau hauv lub cus ciav txoj kev xav uas Oksana Andreevna muaj peev xwm qhia tau qhov zoo nkauj ntawm pej xeem zaj nkauj, qhov tob ntawm kev xav ntawm opera heroines. Oksana Petrusenko muaj lub peev xwm los ua kom muaj kev zoo siab rau cov neeg tuaj saib, kom sov siab rau tib neeg lub siab.
Thaum yau thiab cov hluas ntawm tus actress Oksana Petrusenko
Ksenia Borodavkina yug Lub Ob Hlis 18, 1900 hauv Balaklava (ze Sevastopol). Nws txiv, Andrei Borodavka, yog los ntawm Malaya Balakliya, Kharkov cheeb tsam. Nws tau mus rau Sevastopol ua tsaug rau nws txoj haujlwm ua tus neeg tsav nkoj hauv Dub Hiav Txwv Fleet, qhov twg nws lub xeem tau sau rov qab rau Wartkin. Xenia niam, Maria Kuleshova, yog los ntawm lub xeev Oryol.
Nws yog los ntawm nws txiv, uas muaj lub suab zoo nkauj, uas Ksenia tau txais lub peev xwm ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj. Txawm hais tias tus ntxhais xyaum tsis paub nws txiv. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1901, nws tuag ntawm tuberculosis. Niam rov sib yuav, tab sis tus txiv tshiab haus ntau heev. Txij li thaum muaj hnub nyoog 14 xyoos, Ksenia ua haujlwm txhua hnub hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj ntawm Sevastopol, hu nkauj hauv pawg ntseeg hu nkauj thiab ntawm kev ua yeeb yam pib. Thaum muaj 18 xyoo, nws khiav tawm hauv tsev nrog Stepan Glazunenko cov suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam troupe. Yog li pib nws lub neej ncig saib.
Ob lub hlis tom qab, nyob rau hauv ib tug tub rog lub tsho tiv no thiab cov tub rog loj khau boots, Ksenia tshwm nyob rau hauv lub Kherson ua yeeb yam, uas yog coj los ntawm Ivan Sagatovsky. Nws txais tus ntxhais mus rau hauv lub troupe. Nws tus poj niam (Ekaterina Luchitskaya) tau lees paub los qhia cov tub ntxhais hluas ua yeeb yam txog kev coj cwj pwm ntawm theem. Tsis muaj kev kawm tshwj xeeb, nws kawm txog qhov chaw ntawm Opera Zaporozhets dhau ntawm Danube (S. Gulak-Artemovsky) thiab Natalka Poltavka (N. Lysenko) los ntawm pob ntseg. Nws ua ib tug soloist-performer ntawm pej xeem nkauj. Nws kuj tau paub txog qhov nyuaj ntawm Tamara hauv qhov kawg ua yeeb yam ntawm Dab Ntxwg Nyoog (los ntawm A. Rubinstein).
Qhov pib ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim
Tawm ntawm Sevastopol nrog ib tug ntawm cov mobile Ukrainian troupes, Oksana Andreevna nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm 1918 koom nrog pab neeg ntawm lub xeev Ukrainian ua yeeb yam Theatre, uas yog qhia los ntawm I. L. Saratovsky. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb theem nyob rau hauv lub artist lub neej muaj tswv yim.
Hauv kev ua yeeb yam, nws pom cov phooj ywg tiag tiag thiab cov kws cob qhia, kawm txog cov tswv yim tsim nyog ntawm stagecraft. Ntawm no nws lub peev xwm suab paj nruag thiab suab tau tsim. I. L. Saratovsky thiab lub taub hau ntawm lub cev tuag KL Luzhitskaya Oksana suav hais tias yog cov kws qhia ntawv thiab tuav kev sib raug zoo nrog lawv. P. P. Boychenko (theatre conductor) systematically kawm qhov chaw nrog Petrusenko.
Nws mob siab rau ua rau nws tus tub kawm txawj ntse, thiab tom qab ib pliag nws tau los ua nws tus poj niam. Tab sis kev sib yuav tsis kav ntev vim muaj kev sib cav sib ceg thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog kev muaj tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv 1920, Oksana Andreevna, ua ib feem ntawm lub pab pawg neeg ntawm I. L. Saratovsky, mus nrog concerts rau lub Perekop Front.
Nyob rau hauv 1922, nws rov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib pab pawg neeg tswj los ntawm I. L. Saratovsky. Kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg mloog tau poob sai sai. Oksana Andreevna xav tias yuav tsum tau txhim kho nws lub suab lus ntau dua. Nws kuj ua npau suav txog kev kawm loj thiab kev ua haujlwm, yog li nws mus rau Kyiv. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1924 nws tau los ua ib tug tub ntxhais kawm ntawm lub suab paj nruag kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub State Music thiab Drama lub koom haum. N. Lysenko.
Ncig saib
Tom qab ntawd, Oksana Petrusenko raug caw mus rau lub ua yeeb yam "Sower". Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1926 nws rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg ua yeeb yam, qhia los ntawm I. L. Saratovsky. Ntawm no nws feem ntau ntsib nrog coryphaeus ntawm Ukrainian theatre P. K. Saksagansky, uas tuaj ntawm no ncig saib. Tus kws ua yeeb yam zoo nkauj tau saib nrog kev txaus siab ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas Oksana, qhia nws, thiab nthuav tawm cov lus zais ntawm kev paub txog kev kos duab tiag tiag.
Xyoo 1926-1927. I. L. Saratovsky ua yeeb yam nyob rau hauv lub nroog loj ntawm lub Volga - Saratov, Samara, Kazan, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv Saratov, Oksana Andreevna tau nthuav cov rooj sib tham nrog cov kws tshaj lij ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog tus naas ej neeg xyuas pib Ya. A. Posen, qhov thib ob yog lub operatic tenor M. E. Medvedev. Ob leeg Medvedev thiab Posen yog cov neeg uas stingy nrog qhuas thiab tsis muaj peev xwm muab kev qhuas. Tab sis, tau mloog Oksana Andreevna hauv ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam, cov kws ua yeeb yam tsis tuav lawv txoj kev xav lossis kev qhuas ntawm nws lub peev xwm. Lawv qhia Petrusenko mus rau theem opera, qhov chaw uas nws muaj peev xwm qhia tau lub nplua nuj ntawm lub suab operatic.
Oksana Petrusenko: Opera Career
Thaum lub sij hawm ua yeeb yam ncig xyuas hauv Kazan, Oksana Petrusenko tau txais kev pom zoo ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Kazan Opera Theatre los hu ib feem ntawm Oksana hauv Opera Cherevichki (P. Tchaikovsky). Tom qab ib tug ua tau zoo debut, nws koom lub ua yeeb yam.
Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd pib lub sijhawm "opera" ntawm Petrusenko cov haujlwm ua yeeb yam. Nws xaus nrog nws rov qab mus rau Ukrainian theem raws li ib tug twb lees paub tus tswv ntawm opera. Kev paub ntawm Oksana Andreevna nrog tus kws kos duab V. D. Moskalenko belongs rau lub sijhawm Kazan, uas nws tau sib yuav sai sai. Thaum xub thawj, V. D. Moskalenko tau pab tus neeg hu nkauj ntau hauv nws txoj kev kawm suab.
Los ntawm 1927 txog 1929 Oksana Andreevna hu nkauj ntau yam opera nyob rau theem Kazan. Ntawm lawv yog cov feem ntawm Aida los ntawm opera Aida (D. Verdi). Zoo li Lisa thiab Tatyana los ntawm operas Tus Poj huab tais ntawm Spades thiab Eugene Onegin (P. Tchaikovsky), thiab lwm yam Los ntawm 1929-1931. Tus kws ua yeeb yam tau ua nyob rau theem ntawm Sverdlovsk Opera.
Xyoo 1931, tus kws kos duab tau tsiv mus rau Samara, qhov chaw nws ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam txog xyoo 1934. Tus neeg hu nkauj lub repertoire suav nrog ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm classical thiab Lavxias teb sab operas. Tus kws ua yeeb yam ntawm Ukrainian Drama Theatre tau los ua tus kws tshaj lij hu nkauj. Oksana Andreevna txoj kev hloov mus rau Ukrainian opera theem yog ntuj thiab raug cai.
Nyob rau hauv 1934, lub peev ntawm Ukraine tau pauv los ntawm Kharkov mus rau Kyiv. Thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws artistic rog ntawm Ukraine tau attracted rau lub tsev opera, Oksana Petrusenko kuj tau caw tuaj ntawm no. Nws thawj qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv Opera Aida (D. Verdi) tam sim ntawd txiav txim siab qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj tshiab hauv pawg ua yeeb yam.
Kev lees paub thiab kev vam meej
Lub Tsib Hlis 12, 1935, 75th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws lub hnub yug tau ua kev zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub festive cua ntawm Kiev Opera House. Thiab tseem yog 50th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim kev ua si ntawm P.K. Saksagansky. Lub hnub tseem ceeb no muaj lub ntsiab lus peculiar thiab cim. Tus kws ua yeeb yam nto moo zoo li tau dhau lub pob muaj tswv yim rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Ukrainian opera tsev. Thawj thiab thib peb ua yeeb yam ntawm opera Natalka Poltavka tau nthuav tawm nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj hnub tseem ceeb.
Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Vozny tau ua si los ntawm P. K. Saksagansky thiab A. M. Buchma, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Natasha ua si los ntawm M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut thiab O. A. Petrusenko, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm Vyborny yog ua si los ntawm M. I. Donets thiab I. S. Patorzhinsky. Txij thaum ntawd los, lub npe ntawm Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko ci ntsa iab ntawm ib sab ntawm cov npe nto moo masters ntawm Ukrainian opera scene.
Tsawg tshaj li 10 xyoo dhau los txij li thaum tsim lub Kyiv Opera House, thaum nyob rau hauv lub peb hlis ntuj 1936, cov tub ntxhais hluas pab neeg tau pom cov achievements ntawm kos duab ntawm Soviet Ukraine nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum nyob rau hauv Moscow. Lub Kievans tau qhia peb qhov kev ua yeeb yam hauv theem ntawm Bolshoi Theatre: "Lub Cossack dhau ntawm Danube" (S. Gulak-Artemovsky), "Natalka Poltavka" (N. Lysenko) thiab "Lub Snow Maiden" (N. Rimsky-Korsakov) . Tus hu nkauj opera yog tibneeg hu tauj coob nyob rau hauv peb concerts - nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm Daria, Natalia thiab Kupava, txawv nyob rau hauv tus cwj pwm. Tus kws kos duab tau muab lub sijhawm los qhia nws cov txuj ci nplua nuj theem thiab lub peev xwm suab.
Qhov nrov ntawm cov artist
Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj hauv kaum-hnub ua yeeb yam tau nyiam cov suab paj nruag hauv zej zog rau nws. Nws tau los ua tus txais tos qhua hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj hauv Leningrad, Moscow thiab lwm lub nroog. Cov thawj coj ntawm Bolshoi Theatre muab Oksana Andreevna mus rau Moscow theem. Tab sis tom qab qee qhov kev xav tsis thoob, nws txiav txim siab tsis tawm hauv Kiev ua yeeb yam, uas nws xav tias muaj kev sib txuas.
Nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej, tus naas ej actress yog active. Nws tau npaj ob peb lub luag haujlwm tshiab, ntawm cov uas yog: Leah hauv Opera Shchors (B. Lyatoshinsky), Lushka hauv Opera Virgin Soil Upturned (I. Dzerzhinsky) thiab Natalya hauv Opera Into the Storm (T. Khrennikova). Tus kws kos duab muab concerts nyob rau hauv Donbass, nyob rau hauv mobile theaters nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Ukraine. Tus hu nkauj nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb predilection pab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov me nyuam amateur ua yeeb yam thiab amateur ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet.
Nws khaws cia nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog nto moo composers, kam ua lawv cov nkauj. Tus kws kos duab yog ib tus qhua ntawm cov kws sau ntawv lub club. Thaum lub sij hawm tshaj tawm mus rau Western Ukraine nyob rau hauv 1939, Oksana inspiredly hu nkauj "Kuv Ukraine, Ukraine" (suab paj nruag - D. Pokrass, lyrics - V. Lebedev-Kumach). Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tau nrov heev, tib neeg thov nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam ntawm txhua qhov kev hais kwv txhiaj. Oksana Andreevna hu nkauj nws tsis tau nrog ntawm lub rooj sib tham zaum kawg ntawm Cov Neeg Sawv Cev hauv Lvov. Nyob ntawd nws tau txiav txim siab los koom nrog Western Ukraine nrog Ukrainian SSR.
Kev tuag ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj
Qhov kawg concerts ntawm unsurpassed opera diva coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Lvov, qhov twg nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj 1940 lub Theatre ntawm Opera thiab Ballet muaj npe tom qab. T. G. Shevchenko ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kyiv.
Lub Xya hli ntuj 15, 1940, lub neej ntawm Oksana Petrusenko mam li nco dheev xaus. Lub cev xeeb tub thib ob ntawm tus neeg hu nkauj ua rau nws tuag. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 8, 1940, hauv Kyiv, nws yug tau ib tug tub, Alexander, thiab tuag tam sim ntawd ib lub lim tiam tom qab. Lub official version yog cov ntshav txhaws uas dheev "tuag tawm". Muaj lus xaiv tias qhov ua rau tuag yog lom. Tus poj niam ntawm Marshal Timoshenko, uas tau nyiam tus neeg hu nkauj thiab xav coj nws mus rau Moscow, nplawm tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob, ntshai tias nws tus txiv yuav tso nws.
Oksana Petrusenko: Nthuav qhov tseeb
Thaum nws cov neeg koom tes thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa tau tshaj tawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg, tus thawj coj ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, Yanovsky, thaum nug, hais tias Oksana Petrusenko tau mus ncig xyuas tebchaws Ltalis. Thiab tej zaum tsis tsuas yog ncig saib. Qhov kev iab liam no ces damning. Oksana txiav txim siab tsis tos nws hnub poob. Nws coj txoj hlua thiab ua ib lub voj. Cov npoj yaig Alla pom nws nrog lub suab nyob ib ncig ntawm nws caj dab. Begichev. Nyob rau tib hmo, ob tug poj niam nyiag mus rau Moscow. Muaj ib tug version uas Voroshilov tiv thaiv nws tus hlub singer. Nws tau rov ua haujlwm dua.
Txawm tias muaj kev khib ntawm cov hluas nkauj nrog kev kawm, tsis muaj lub rooj zaum nyob rau hauv lub tsev ntawm kev ua yeeb yam nrog kev koom tes ntawm Petrusenko. Lub opera diva yog phooj ywg nrog Pavel Tichina, Maxim Rylsky, Vladimir Sosiura. Ua patronage ntawm ces tsis paub artist Ekaterina Bilokur. Nws tau txais ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Stalin. Nws tsis lees txais qhov kev caw kom txav mus rau Moscow thiab dhau los ua tus soloist ntawm Bolshoi Theatre.
Lub sijhawm Ukrainian ntawm txoj kev muaj tswv yim nyuaj ntawm Oksana Petrusenko tsis yooj yim - lub tebchaws muaj koob meej nrog kev phom sij loj. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Marshal Semyon Timoshenko tau txib ib cheeb tsam tub rog tshwj xeeb hauv Kyiv. Nws tsis zoo li tias nws yog ib tug ua yeeb yam tiag tiag. Nyob rau hauv Stalin lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv lub tog neeg tseem ceeb - xaiv cov poj niam ntawm singers los yog actresses. Tom qab ntawd Marshal Timoshenko nyob ib sab ntawm Oksana Petrusenko. Muaj bouquets ntawm roses liab, ib puas-kev hlub los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib. Tsis muaj ntaub ntawv hais tias tus kws kos duab tau txais kev sib tham ntawm ib tug tub rog tub ceev xwm.
Txawm tias nws lub peev xwm thiab lub npe loj, Oksana Petrusenko tseem yog ib tug poj niam yooj yim thiab siab dawb. Nws tau qhia rau ntiaj teb cov txuj ci ntawm Ekaterina Bilokur. Tus thawj kws ua yeeb yam, tau hnov cov nkauj pej xeem ua yeeb yam los ntawm Oksana Petrusenko hauv xov tooj cua, tau sau nws tsab ntawv thov kev pab, suav nrog ntau yam ntawm nws cov duab kos. Oksana tau muab tsab ntawv no rau cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Central House of Folk Art. Thiab ib tug commission tuaj rau Ekaterina Bilokur, thiab tom qab ib pliag Paris twb nyiam nws paintings.
Pam tuag
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 17, 1940, lub ntees tuag tau ntev li ob peb mais. Oksana Petrusenko tau faus rau ntawm Baykove toj ntxas hauv Kyiv, nyob ib sab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj. Thaum nws raug coj tawm ntawm lub tsev ua yeeb yam rau hnub ntawm lub ntees tuag, Kyiv ntsib nws nrog cov suab nrov nrov, zoo li hauv nws lub neej. Cov neeg coob coob uas tsis tau pom dua tau ua raws li pej xeem prima donna mus rau Baikove tojntxas hauv nthwv dej loj. Lub "Ukrainian Nightingale" poob ntsiag to, thiab kev sib tham thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb txuas ntxiv mus. Nyob rau hauv 2010, nyob rau hauv lub facade ntawm Sevastopol Academic Lavxias teb sab Drama Theatre. Lunacharsky, lub memorial plaque tau qhib. Tsis pub dhau ob lub hlis nws tau tsoo los ntawm vandals.
