Nws yog hu ua ib tug composer thiab tshuab raj los ntawm "shot list". Nikolai Zhilyaev nto moo nyob rau hauv nws lub neej luv luv raws li ib tug tshuab raj, composer, xib fwb, pej xeem daim duab. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, nws tau lees paub tias yog ib txoj cai tsis txaus ntseeg.
Cov tub ceev xwm sim so nws txoj haujlwm tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab qee qhov nws ua tiav. Txog thaum xyoo 80, tsuas yog qee tus paub txog cov haujlwm ntawm Zhilyaev. Nikolaev cov kev ua ub no yog kev qhia (kev sau ntawv), kev kawm ntawv thiab kho suab paj nruag.
Thaum yau thiab hluas Nikolai Zhilyaev
Maestro hnub yug yog Lub Kaum Hli 6, 1881. Nws yug los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Kursk. Yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi paub txog Nikolai thaum yau xyoo. Qhov tseeb yog tias nws los ntawm ib tsev neeg zoo tib yam.
Txij thaum yau nws tau nyiam ua suab paj nruag. Raws li ib tug hluas, Nikolai mob siab rau ua si ntau yam suab paj nruag. Giftedness thiab lub siab xav tsim nyob rau hauv 1896 coj nws mus rau lub peev ntawm Russia - Moscow.
Rau peb xyoos, tus tub hluas tau txais kev qhia nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo, polyphony ntawm ib tug nruj style, fugue thiab suab paj nruas daim ntawv los ntawm S.I. Taneeva. Zhilyaev yog ib tug ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm txuj ci tshaj plaws ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv.
Nws tau attracted rau improvisation, thiab yog li ntawd tsis ntev nws koom nyob rau hauv instrumentation nyob rau hauv lub nruj kev taw qhia ntawm Konyus. Nikolay tsis tuaj yeem xav txog nws lub neej yam tsis muaj suab paj nruag. Cov xib fwb ua ib tug kwv yees lub suab paj nruag zoo rau nws yav tom ntej.
Tsis ntev nws kawm tiav los ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua tshiab, nws tsim qhov debut Overture, nrog rau Scherzo rau txoj hlua quartet. Raws li kev ntsuam xyuas ua haujlwm, tus kws sau nkauj tau nthuav tawm cantata "Samson".
Los ntawm txoj kev, nws ua ke nws cov kev kawm ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej nrog kev qhia. Yog li, nws tau qhia suab paj nruag rau tus tub thiab tus ntxhais xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus kws sau ntawv Lavxias Leo Tolstoy. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus paub zoo tus neeg pab nyiaj Morozova, thiab yav tom ntej Marshal ntawm Soviet Union, M.N. Tukhachevsky, tuaj rau nws cov chav kawm.
Ua haujlwm los ntawm Nikolai Zhilyaev
Thaum Nikolai Zhilyaev qhia nws tus kheej li ib tug neeg paub tshiab, nws hais, ntawm lwm yam, hais tias nws yog thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov composer, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd yog ib tug tshuab raj. Tus maestro txawj ntaus piano thiab lub cev.
Nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, nws muaj peev xwm luam tawm tsuas yog ob peb daim ntawm cov suab paj nruag. Feem ntau ntawm txoj haujlwm tsuas yog tsis tau mus txog niaj hnub no. Thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej, cov neeg qhuas ntawm Zhilyaev txoj haujlwm tau txaus siab rau cov khoom uas nws tsim rau piano thiab violin, rau lub suab thiab piano.
Lub composer txoj hauj lwm tau cuam tshuam los ntawm txawv teb chaws maestro Grieg. Kom paub txog nws tus mlom, Nikolai tshwj xeeb tau mus rau Norway. Nws tau mus xyuas tus kws sau ntawv. Qhov kev mus ncig ua rau tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev paub zoo, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm Norwegian lus.
Tom qab tuaj txog ntawm Norway, nws coj lub tswv yim pseudonym Peer Gynt. Feem ntau, qhov tseeb ntawm kev hlub tshua rau Grieg cov ntawv sau tau cuam tshuam qhov kev txiav txim siab coj lub npe no rau nws tus kheej. Nrog rau lub npe no nws kos npe rau nws cov ntawv. Rau qee lub sij hawm, Nikolai ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib lub zos ntawv xov xwm, tshuaj xyuas tej hauj lwm ntawm Soviet composers. Zhilyaev txhim kho nws txoj kev paub thoob plaws hauv nws lub neej. Nws yog ib tug neeg txawj ntse thiab paub 5 yam lus.
Tau ntau xyoo nws tau ua ib tug neeg thuam suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lub npe nrov Lavxias teb sab tshaj tawm Golden Fleece. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, nws tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Moscow Weekly" thiab "Music".
Nikolai Zhilyaev yog tus kws tshaj lij ntawm kev sau ntawv. Nws cov ntawv tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Rau New Shores", "Modern Music", "Musical Nov" thiab lwm yam. Nrog nws cov kev xav, nws "taug kev" los ntawm kev sau ntawm nws cov phooj ywg. Nws nyiam ua hauj lwm ntawm Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Alexandrov, Scriabin.
Thaum lub sij hawm no nws mus ntau heev. Zhilyaev tau mus xyuas tsis tau tsuas yog ntau lub nroog ntawm nws lub xeev, tab sis kuj mus xyuas Austria, Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Norway. Cov tub ceev xwm tsis txaus siab rau Nikolai lub siab xav kawm ntiaj teb.
Nikolai Zhilyaev: nkag mus rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm bibliographer ntawm Tukhachevsky lub tsev hauv paus
Xyoo 1911 nws tau los ua ib feem ntawm "Music thiab Theoretical Library" zej zog. Zhilyaev - zoo koom tes nrog tus kws sau ntawv Scriabin. Nws pab nws kho tej tej daim. Cia siab tias nws yuav tuag, Alexander txiav txim siab tso ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm rau Nikolai.
Ib tug neeg paub zoo nrog Scriabin tso cai rau nws mus ntsib tus kws sau ntawv lub tsev Moscow. Nws mus xyuas Alexander ntawm nws dacha thiab yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj mus mloog lub lig sonatas muaj pes tsawg leeg ua los ntawm tus sau.
Thaum Tsov Rog Pej Xeem, nws tau ua haujlwm hauv lub hauv paus ntawm M. N. Tukhachevsky, coj txoj haujlwm ntawm tus kws sau ntawv phau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, nws yuav them tag nrho rau kev muaj qee yam kev sib txuas nrog Mikhail Nikolaevich.
Los ntawm nruab nrab-30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws pib sib txuas lus nrog Shostakovich. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kws sau paj huam yog inextricably txuas nrog lub npe ntawm Aforementioned Tukhachevsky, uas nws kev phooj ywg tau ua tuag rau Nikolai.
Editorial ua hauj lwm - nyob ntawm tsov ntxhuav feem ntawm Nikolai lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pawg thawj coj saib xyuas ntawm Gosizdat sector. Nws tau teev npe ua tus sau cov ntawv sau rau piano Allegro los ntawm A. Scriabin (cov haujlwm tau luam tawm thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 20 nyob rau hauv lub npe Symphonic Poem for Orchestra). Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau luam tawm C. Debussy's Symphony (1933), uas nws tau tsim thaum nws tseem hluas.
Zhilyaev yog tus sau ntau phau ntawv ntawm keeb kwm ntawm suab paj nruag. Nws tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob hais txog nws txoj haujlwm nrov tshaj plaws, uas nws tau sau nrog N.A. Metlov. Nws yog hais txog "Music Reader".
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-20s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, nws tau raug xaiv los ua tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Moscow Conservatory. Nws muab lub tsev kawm ntawv ntau tshaj 10 xyoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias Nikolai tau qhia cov chav kawm theoretical rau cov tub ntxhais kawm sau ntawv. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, Zhilyaev yuav qhia tsuas yog pub dawb xwb.
Nikolai Zhilyaev: ntes ntawm lub composer
Thaum lub tshuab raj tuaj rau Nina Fedorovna Teplinskaya, uas nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawd tuav lub tsev qiv ntawv tus thawj coj. Nws hais kom khaws qee cov ntaub ntawv. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau tus kws sau nkauj thiab cov kws ntaus nkauj uas ntshai khaws cov ntawv sau hauv tsev tau ua qhov no. Tus maestro ntseeg tias lub tsev qiv ntawv yog tib qhov chaw uas cov ntaub ntawv yuav nyob nyab xeeb. Nws tau cog lus tias Teplinskaya yuav rov qab los sai sai ... tab sis qhov ntawd yog lawv lub rooj sib tham zaum kawg.
Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis Ntuj, nws raug ntes los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Tebchaws ntawm Soviet Union. Nicholas raug liam ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam thiab kev ua txhaum cai. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawd, xws li accusations tau "sewn" rau ntau kab lis kev cai cov duab ntawm lub USSR. NKVD khaws nws cov ntaub ntawv thiab lub tsev qiv ntawv loj - cov phau ntawv thiab suab paj nruag.
Nws raug coj mus rau hauv kev saib xyuas hauv "Tukhachevsky rooj plaub". Nikolai poob rau hauv cov kwj ntawm "ntaus npe" uas tau nkag mus rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Sab Hauv Tebchaws ntawm USSR tom qab Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 1934 (kev tua neeg ntawm SM Kirov).
Siv: "Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tukhachevsky" yog ib rooj plaub ntawm kev foob ntawm ib pawg ntawm cov thawj coj tub rog sab saum toj Soviet coj los ntawm Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky ntawm kev npaj tub rog kev koom tes los tuav lub hwj chim.
Lub npe ntawm tus neeg tsis lees paub tus kws sau ntawv yog A.A. Kovalensky - raug txiav tawm nyob rau hauv qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Prosecutor General ntawm lub USSR nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Zhilyaev. Ob peb lub hlis tom qab, tus uas tsis lees paub tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag kuj raug tua.
Ib xyoos tom qab ntawd nws raug txim tuag. Cov kab lus tau ua tiav rau hnub ntawm kab lus. Nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, cov ntaub ntawv tau rov kuaj dua. Nws tuag thaum Lub Ib Hlis 20, 1938. Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 1961, Zhilyaev tau tag nrho rehabilitation.
