Nikolai Leontovich, lub ntiaj teb nto moo composer. Nws raug hu tsis muaj lwm yam tshaj li Ukrainian Bach. Nws yog ua tsaug rau lub suab paj nruag creativity uas txawm nyob rau hauv lub feem ntau tej thaj chaw deb ces kaum ntawm lub ntiaj chaw, lub suab paj nruag "Shchedryk" suab txhua txhua Christmas. Leontovich tau koom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev sau suab paj nruag zoo nkauj. Nws kuj tseem hu ua tus thawj coj hu nkauj, tus kws qhia ntawv, thiab tus neeg sawv cev rau pej xeem, uas nws lub tswv yim feem ntau ua raws.
Thaum yau ntawm lub composer Nikolai Leontovich
Qhov chaw yug ntawm Nikolai Leontovich yog lub zos me me ntawm Monastyrok nyob rau hauv central Ukraine (Vinnitsa cheeb tsam). Nws yug los nyob rau lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1877. Nws txiv yog ib tug pov thawj hauv zos. Muaj kev kawm suab paj nruag, nws yog Dmitry Feofanovich Leontovich uas qhia nws tus tub ua si guitar, cello thiab violin. Leontovich niam, Maria Iosifovna, kuj yog ib tug neeg muaj tswv yim. Nws lub suab tau qhuas thoob plaws hauv zej zog. Nws ua tau zoo heev romances thiab pej xeem nkauj. Nws yog nws niam cov nkauj, uas nws tau mloog txij thaum yug los, uas txiav txim siab txoj hmoo ntawm tus neeg sau yav tom ntej.
Kawm
Nyob rau hauv 1887, Nikolai raug xa mus rau lub gymnasium nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Nemirov. Tab sis, txij li cov kev kawm tau them, ib xyoos tom qab cov niam txiv yuav tsum tau coj lawv tus tub mus deb ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv vim muaj kev sib yuav ntawm cov nyiaj. Nws txiv muab nws tso rau hauv ib lub tsev teev ntuj theem qis. Ntawm no Nikolai tau txais kev txhawb nqa tag nrho. Tus tub hluas kiag li plunged rau hauv txoj kev kawm ntawm suab paj nruag notation. Cov phooj ywg thiab kev lom zem tsis txaus siab rau yav tom ntej composer. Tau ob peb lub hlis lawm, nws xav tsis thoob nws cov xib fwb, yooj yim nyeem cov suab paj nruag nyuaj tshaj plaws.
Tom qab kawm tiav ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj lub tsev kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv 1892, Leontovich xa cov ntaub ntawv rau kev nkag mus rau hauv lub theological seminary ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kamenets-Podolsky. Ntawm no nws tau kawm tiav piano thiab theoretical foundations ntawm choral hu nkauj. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm kawg, Nikolai Leontovich twb sau kev npaj rau Ukrainian pej xeem suab paj nruag. Rau ib qho piv txwv, nws tau ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus mlom Nikolai Lysenko.
Nikolai Leontovich: thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv creativity
Nikolai Leontovich kawm tiav seminary nyob rau hauv 1899. Tom qab ntawd nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv nyob deb nroog. Nws paub ua ntej tias nws nyuaj npaum li cas rau cov tsev neeg txom nyem los qhia lawv cov menyuam. Yog li ntawd, nws thiaj li ua tau txhua yam kom cov me nyuam nyob deb nroog tau txoj kev kawm. Ntxiv nrog rau kev qhia, Leontovich niaj hnub txhim kho nws txoj kev kawm suab paj nruag.
Lawv tsim ib tug symphony orchestra. Cov tswv cuab tau ua suab paj nruag los ntawm Lavxias thiab Ukrainian composers. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub orchestra tau tshoov siab rau cov hluas composer thiab neeg xyuas pib tsim thawj sau ntawm zaj nkauj "Los ntawm Podolia" (1901). Txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav loj. Yog li ntawd, tom qab 2 xyoos, nyob rau hauv 1903, lub thib ob ntim ntawm zaj nkauj raug tso tawm, uas tau mob siab rau Nikolai Lysenko.
Leontovich tsiv mus rau Donbas
Nyob rau hauv 1904, tus composer txiav txim siab tsiv mus rau Eastern Ukraine. Nyob ntawd nws pom lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905. Thaum lub sij hawm uprisings, Leontovich tsis sawv ib sab. Nws sau cov neeg muaj tswv yim nyob ib puag ncig nws, npaj cov neeg ua haujlwm hu nkauj uas nws txoj haujlwm yog hu nkauj thaum lub rooj sib txoos. Cov kev ua ub no ntawm lub composer attracted lub mloog ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsis mus rau hauv kaw, Leontovich rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg thaj av. Pib qhia suab paj nruag ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv diocesan. Tab sis nws tsis tso tseg kev loj hlob raws li ib tug composer.
Nws mus rau qhov zoo-paub nyob rau lub sij hawm suab paj nruag theorist Boleslav Yavorsky. Tom qab mloog cov hauj lwm ntawm Leontovich, lub luminary ntawm suab paj nruag coj Nikolai mus kawm. Nikolai feem ntau mus rau Kyiv thiab Moscow mus ntsib nws tus kws qhia ntawv. Nws yog nyob rau hauv Kyiv nyob rau hauv 1916 uas Yavorsky pab Leontovich npaj ib tug loj kev hais kwv txhiaj, qhov twg "Shchedryk" twb xub ua nyob rau hauv lub kev npaj ntawm cov hluas composer. Lwm yam hauj lwm kuj tau ua, xws li "Pivni hu nkauj", "Niam muaj ib tug ntxhais", "Dudaryk", "Lub hnub qub tau sawv", thiab lwm yam Kiev pej xeem txaus siab rau tej hauj lwm ntawm Leontovich. Qhov no tau tshoov siab rau tus kws sau nkauj los sau nkauj ntau dua.
Nikolai Leontovich: lub neej nyob rau hauv Kyiv
Thaum lub hwj chim ntawm Ukrainian neeg koom pheej tau tsim, Leontovich tswj kom tau mus rau lub peev ntawm Ukraine. Nyob rau hauv Kyiv, nws raug caw mus ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg xyuas pib, thiab kuj mus qhia nyob rau hauv lub Nikolai Lysenko suab paj nruag thiab ua yeeb yam lub koom haum. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom, uas nws npaj cov voj voog uas txhua tus tuaj yeem kawm. Thaum lub sij hawm no, nws nquag composes suab paj nruag tej hauj lwm. Ib txhia ntawm lawv tau muab tso rau hauv repertoire ntawm pej xeem thiab amateur pawg.
Nyob rau hauv 1919 Kyiv raug ntes los ntawm Denikin cov tub rog. Txij li thaum Leontovich suav hais tias nws tus kheej yog neeg txawj ntse Ukrainian, nws yuav tsum tau khiav tawm lub peev kom tsis txhob muaj kev tsim txom. Nws rov qab mus rau thaj tsam Vinnitsa. Nyob ntawd koj pom thawj lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag hauv nroog. Nyob rau hauv parallel nrog kev qhia, nws sau suab paj nruag. Los ntawm nws tus cwj mem hauv xyoo 1920 los ntawm pej xeem cov ntawv tseeb opera "Nyob rau hauv lub Mermaid Easter".
Qhov tsis meej ntawm kev tua neeg ntawm Nikolai Leontovich
Ntau txhiab qhov kev tshaj tawm tau mob siab rau kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau nkauj txawj ntse. Lub Ib Hlis 23, 1921, Nikolai Leontovich raug tua nyob rau hauv nws niam nws txiv lub tsev nyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Markovka, Vinnitsa cheeb tsam. Nws raug tua los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm Cheka raws li cov lus qhia ntawm cov tub ceev xwm. Tus kws ntaus suab paj nruag thiab cov neeg muaj suab npe nrov, uas txhawb nqa Ukrainian kab lis kev cai thiab sau cov neeg txawj ntse nyob ib puag ncig nws txoj haujlwm, tau tawm tsam rau Bolsheviks. Tsuas yog tom qab kev tshaj tawm ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm Ukraine nyob rau hauv lub 90s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, qhov kev tshawb nrhiav rau kev tua neeg tau rov pib dua. Ntau qhov tseeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tau muab cais tawm thaum lub sijhawm kev tswj hwm kev coj noj coj ua txog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua neeg tau tshwm sim.
Composer keeb kwm
Nikolai Leontovich yog ib tug tswv ntawm choral miniatures. Nkauj nyob rau hauv nws kev npaj yog ua tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Lawv raug hu los ntawm Ukrainian diaspora thoob ntiaj teb. Tus kws sau ntawv tau hloov tus ntsuj plig ntawm txhua zaj nkauj, muab lub suab tshiab - nws tau los ua lub neej, ua pa, tawg lub hiav txwv ntawm lub zog. Kev siv timbre variation nyob rau hauv nws cov kev npaj yog lwm feature ntawm lub composer. Nws tso cai rau pawg hu nkauj qhia txhua qhov kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov suab paj nruag thaum ua yeeb yam ntawm zaj nkauj.
Raws li rau cov ntsiab lus, nws yog ntau tshaj li ntau haiv neeg - ritual, church, keeb kwm, niaj hnub, humorous, seev cev, ua si, thiab lwm yam. Tus composer kuj kov lub ntsiab lus xws li suab paj nruag ntawm pej xeem lamentation. Nws tuaj yeem taug qab hauv cov haujlwm "Lawv nqa Cossack", "Snow yog ya los ntawm lub roob" thiab ntau lwm tus.
