Mikhail Verbitsky yog cov khoom muaj nqis tiag tiag ntawm Ukraine. Tus kws sau nkauj, tshuab raj, hu nkauj hu nkauj, tus pov thawj, nrog rau tus kws sau nkauj rau lub teb chaws anthem ntawm Ukraine - ua ib qho kev pab cuam rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm nws lub teb chaws.
"Mikhail Verbitsky yog tus nto moo tshaj plaws choral composer nyob rau hauv Ukraine. Cov suab paj nruag ua yeeb yam ntawm maestro "Izhe cherubim", "Peb Leej Txiv", secular nkauj "Muab, ntxhais", "Poklin", "De Dnipro yog peb li", "Zapovit" yog lub pearls ntawm peb choral suab paj nruag. Lub composer lub overtures, nyob rau hauv uas nws lub hom phiaj combines pej xeem kos duab nrog niaj hnub motifs, yog thawj zoo sim ntawm Ukrainian symphonic suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv Ukraine ..." sau Stanislav Lyudkevich.
Lub tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm tus composer
Ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm Ukrainian kab lis kev cai. Mikhail yog ib tug ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws composer tsev kawm ntawv. Lub siab ntawm Verbitsky cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm, kev paub txog kev sau cov suab paj nruag muab nws txoj cai hu nws thawj Western Ukrainian kws sau nkauj. Nws sau nrog cov ntshav ntawm nws lub siab. Michael yog lub cim ntawm Ukrainian lub rooj txhawb siab hauv Galicia.
Mikhail Verbitsky: thaum yau thiab hluas
Maestro hnub yug yog Lub Peb Hlis 4, 1815. Nws thaum yau xyoo tau siv nyob rau hauv lub zos me me ntawm Javornik-Ruski ze Przemysl (Poland). Nws raug coj los rau hauv tsev neeg ntawm ib tug pov thawj. Lub taub hau ntawm tsev neeg tuag thaum Mikhail muaj 10 xyoo. Txij thaum ntawd los, ib tug txheeb ze nyob deb, Vladyka John ntawm Przemysl, tau tsa nws.
Mikhail Verbitsky kawm ntawm lyceum, thiab tom qab ntawd tom gymnasium. Nws kawm tau ntau yam kev kawm zoo. Nws tuav txhua yam ntawm ya. Thaum Npis Sov John nrhiav tau ib pab hu nkauj ntawm Przemysl cathedra, thiab tom qab ntawd ib lub tsev kawm suab paj nruag, Michael tau paub txog suab paj nruag.
Nyob rau hauv 1829, qhov kev ua yeeb yam debut ntawm pawg hu nkauj tau tshwm sim, nrog kev koom tes ntawm Verbitsky. Kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov neeg hu nkauj tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib hauv zos thiab cov neeg ncaj ncees. Tom qab zoo siab txais tos, John caw tus kws sau ntawv nrov Alois Nanke mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Tom qab Mikhail tuaj nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm Nanke, nws qhia nws lub peev xwm suab paj nruag. Verbitsky mam li nco dheev pom tau hais tias nws yog attracted rau improvisation thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg.
Tus hu nkauj lub repertoire tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim Verbitsky cov kev txawj sau ntawv. Cov nkauj hu nkauj repertoire muaj cov haujlwm tsis txawj tuag los ntawm J. Haydn, Mozart, thiab Ukrainian maestro Berezovsky thiab Bortnyansky.
Cov hauj lwm ntawm sab ntsuj plig ntawm Bortnyansky tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm Western Ukraine.
Cov hauj lwm ntawm maestro kuj tau qhuas los ntawm Mikhail, uas gravitated rau improvisation. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm, monophony dominated Ukrainian lub tsev teev ntuj suab paj nruag. Bortnyansky tau tswj hwm los qhia txog kev tshaj lij hauv nws cov haujlwm.
Kev kawm nyob rau hauv lub seminary
Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, Mikhail Verbitsky nkag mus rau Lviv Theological Seminary. Yog tsis muaj kev siv zog ntau, nws txawj ntaus guitar. Cov twj paj nruag no yuav nrog Verbitsky nyob rau lub sijhawm tsaus ntuj ntawm nws lub neej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm pawg hu nkauj.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no nws tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo heev compositions rau lub guitar. Rau peb lub sijhawm, "Kev qhia ntawm Khitara" tau khaws cia. Verbitsky yog tus ntsuj plig ntawm lub tuam txhab. Nws raug ntiab tawm ob peb zaug los ntawm Lviv Conservatory rau cov nkauj qus. Nws yeej tsis ntshai qhia nws tus kheej, rau qhov nws raug txim ntau zaus.
Thaum nws raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv thib peb, nws tsis rov pib dua. Thaum ntawd, nws muaj tsev neeg thiab xav tau kev pab rau nws cov txheeb ze.
Nws tig mus rau nkauj ntseeg. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, nws tau tsim ua tiav Liturgy rau kev sib xyaw ua ke, uas tseem tau hnov hnub no hauv ntau lub koom txoos hauv nws lub tebchaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws nthuav tawm ib qho ntawm feem ntau pom tau hais tias - "Angel Vopiyashe", nrog rau ntau lwm cov ntawv sau.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Theatrical lub neej
Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 40, theatrical lub neej maj mam txhim kho. Rau Verbitsky, qhov no txhais tau tias ib yam - nws pib sau suab paj nruag nrog rau ntau qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Cov lej uas tau ua nyob rau theem ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua yeeb yam hauv Lviv thiab Galicia, feem ntau tau muab txhais los ntawm Ukrainian ua yeeb yam thiab cov ntawv nyeem, thiab los ntawm Polish, Fabkis.
Suab paj nruag tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua yeeb yam. Nws nthuav tawm lub siab ntawm cov yeeb yam thiab saturated tus kheej scenes nrog kev xav. Mikhail tsim suab paj nruag nrog rau ntau tshaj ob lub kaum os ua yeeb yam. Koj yuav tsis quav ntsej nws creation "Verkhovyntsi", "Cossack thiab yos hav zoov", "Protsikha" thiab "Zhovnir-charivnik".
Cov kev nyiam kev nom kev tswv uas kav nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine tau pab txhawb rau qhov tseeb tias Ukrainian ua yeeb yam tsis muaj nyob thiab nyiam cov pej xeem hauv zos. Michael tsis muaj sijhawm los tsim.
Xyoo 49, pawg ua yeeb yam tau tsim hauv Przemysl. Mikhail tau teev nyob rau hauv nws qib raws li ib tug composer thiab actor. Nws txuas ntxiv mus ua suab paj nruag.
Thaum kawg ntawm 40s, nws tau sau nkauj rau cov ntawv los ntawm Ivan Gushalevich "Kev thaj yeeb rau koj, cov kwv tij, peb nqa txhua yam." Qee lub sij hawm tom qab ntawd, hauv Lviv, cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv zos tau teeb tsa Lavxias Kev Sib Tham Theatre. Rau kev nthuav qhia ua yeeb yam, Verbitsky sau cov nkauj zoo nkauj "Pidgiryani".
Cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim Mikhail Verbitskogg ua
Raws li tus kws sau ntawv nws tus kheej tau hais, nws txoj haujlwm tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb theem tseem ceeb: suab paj nruag ua haujlwm rau pawg ntseeg, suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam thiab suab paj nruag rau lub salon. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, Verbitsky paub hom suab paj nruag uas nws kawm xav hnov. Yuav kom muaj txiaj ntsig rau zej zog - qhov ntawd yog qhov uas Michael xav tau. Nws thawj tus kws sau keeb kwm, Sidor Vorobkevich, nco txog plaub caug solo sau nrog guitar nrog thiab ob peb ntxiv nrog piano nrog.
Vim lub neej nyuaj, nws tsis tuaj yeem txais lub pov thawj hwj tau ntev. Mikhail tau tso tseg nws txoj kev kawm ntau zaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws raug yuam kom tsiv tawm ntawm ib lub zos mus rau lwm qhov ntau zaus. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1850 nws kawm tiav los ntawm Lviv Seminary thiab ua ib tug pov thawj.
Tau ntau xyoo nws tau ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov chaw me me ntawm Zavadov Yavorovsky. Thaum lub sij hawm no, ob tug me nyuam yug los rau nws - ib tug ntxhais thiab ib tug tub. Alas, tus ntxhais tuag thaum yau. Verbitsky chim heev los ntawm kev poob ntawm nws tus ntxhais. Nws raug kev nyuaj siab.
Xyoo 1856, nws tau ua haujlwm hauv Lub Koom Txoos Intercession, uas nyob hauv Mlyny (tam sim no Poland). Nyob ntawd nws tau los ua ib tug pov thawj Greek Catholic. Nws nyob ntawm no uas nws tau siv xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej.
Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias Mikhail Verbitsky nyob tsis zoo. Txawm hais tias lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, cov cuab yeej cuab tam suab paj nruag nplua nuj - Verbitsky tsis tau txhawb nqa. Nws tsis nrhiav kev nplua nuj.
Keeb kwm ntawm creation ntawm National Anthem ntawm Ukraine
Nyob rau hauv 1863, nws sau suab paj nruag rau cov paj huam ntawm Ukrainian kws sau paj lug P. Chubinsky "Ukraine tseem tsis tau tuag." Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim lub suab paj nruag pib ib xyoos ua ntej. Nws yog lub sijhawm no uas Povlauj sau cov paj huam uas tau hais tseg.
Yuav luag tam sim ntawd tom qab sau paj huam, Chubinsky tus phooj ywg, Lysenko, tau sau ib zaj nkauj nrog rau nqe. Cov suab paj nruag sau tau nrov nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Ukraine rau qee lub sijhawm, tab sis tsis pom kev faib tawm dav. Tab sis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub co-authorship ntawm Verbitsky thiab Chubynsky lub anthem tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian.
Nyob rau hauv lub wake ntawm lub heyday ntawm Ukrainian patriotic thiab sab ntsuj plig lub neej, nyob rau hauv lub 60s ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo, nyob rau hauv ib tug ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine Lviv, paj huam "Ukraine tseem tsis tau tuag" tau luam tawm. Cov nqe lus qhuas Mikhail nrog nws lub teeb thiab tib lub sijhawm kev hlub. Thaum xub thawj nws tau sau suab paj nruag rau kev ua yeeb yam solo nrog lub guitar, tab sis tsis ntev nws tau ua hauj lwm nyuaj rau kev sau ntawv, thiab nws tau zoo kawg nkaus rau kev ua yeeb yam ntawm pawg hu nkauj puv ntoob.
"Ukraine tseem tsis tau tuag" yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov dav ntawm kev nkag siab txog keeb kwm txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian. Raws li lub teb chaws anthem, daim suab paj nruag tau lees paub los ntawm Ukrainian paj huam.
Mikhail Verbitsky: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws tus kheej lub neej
Nws paub tias nws tau sib yuav ob zaug. Thawj tus poj niam uas tau tswj hwm lub plawv ntawm tus kws sau nkauj yog tus ntxim nyiam Austrian npe hu ua Barbara Sener. Alas, nws tuag ntxov.
Tsis ntev nws yuav zaum ob. Txog rau tam sim no, nws tau ntseeg tias tus poj niam thib ob yog ib tug poj niam Fabkis. Tab sis qhov kev xav no tsis tau lees paub. Hmoov tsis zoo, tus poj niam thib ob kuj tsis nyob ntev. Nws yug tau ib tug tub los ntawm Verbitsky, uas ob niam txiv hu ua Andrey.
Qhov tseeb nthuav txog Mikhail Verbitsky
- Mikhail nyiam ntaus suab paj nruag yog guitar.
- Thaum nws lub neej luv luv nws tsim 12 orchestral rhapsodies, 8 symphonic overtures, peb choirs thiab ob peb polonaises.
- Cov kws sau keeb kwm paub meej tias nws nyob tsis zoo. Feem ntau tsuas muaj txiv apples ntawm nws lub rooj. Lub sijhawm nyuaj tshaj plaws tuaj rau lub caij nplooj zeeg-lub caij ntuj no.
- Nws npau suav ntawm sau nkauj rau Taras Shevchenko cov paj huam.
- Michael tau los ua pov thawj kom txhim kho nws cov nyiaj txiag. Kev teev hawm Vajtswv tsis yog nws txoj kev hu.
Lub xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm Mikhail Verbitsky
Txog rau hnub kawg ntawm nws lub neej, nws tsis tau tso nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb - nws tau tsim cov suab paj nruag. Tsis tas li ntawd, Mikhail tau sau cov ntawv thiab tau koom nrog kev qhia ua haujlwm.
Nws siv xyoo kawg ntawm nws lub neej hauv Mlyny. Nws tuag thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 7, 1870. Thaum nws tuag, tus kws sau ntawv tsuas yog 55 xyoo.
Ua ntej, tus ntoo khaub lig zoo tib yam raug ntsia rau ntawm qhov ntxa ntawm tus kws sau ntawv nto moo. Tab sis nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-30s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, ib tug monument tau tsa nyob rau hauv lub faus qhov chaw ntawm Verbitsky.
