Caesar Cui tau sau tseg tias yog tus kws sau nkauj zoo nkauj, tshuab raj, tus kws qhia ntawv thiab tus thawj coj. Nws yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm "Mighty Handful" thiab tau nto moo raws li ib tug kws tshaj lij ntawm fortification.
Lub "Mighty Handful" yog ib lub zej zog muaj tswv yim ntawm Lavxias teb sab composers uas tsim nyob rau hauv cov kab lis kev cai peev ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv lig 1850s thiab thaum ntxov 1860s.
Kui yog ntau yam thiab txawv tshaj plaw. Nws nyob ib lub neej nplua nuj heev. Nws tau tso ntau lub suab paj nruag iconic tom qab nws. Lub maestro lub compositions yog txawv los ntawm lyrical nkag thiab refinement.
Thaum yau thiab hluas
Maestro hnub yug yog Lub Ib Hlis 6, 1835. Nws yug hauv Vilnius. Lub taub hau ntawm tsev neeg yog los ntawm Fabkis. Nws ua haujlwm rau Napoleon. Thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov, Caesar txiv raug mob hnyav. Nws txiav txim siab tsis rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws. Tsis ntev ces Caesar txiv tau nyob hauv Vilnius. Nyob ntawd nws pom nws tus kheej hauv lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv Fabkis. Raws li nws tus poj niam, nws tau coj tus ntxhais ntawm tus kws tsim vaj tsev zoo.
Cui txaus siab rau nws niam nws txiv nrog kev ntshaw rau suab paj nruag thiab kos duab. Twb yog thaum muaj tsib xyoos, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov suab paj nruag tau hnov los ntawm pob ntseg. Nws tus viv ncaus qhia nws ntaus piano, thiab tsis ntev cov kws qhia suab paj nruag tau koom nrog Caesar.
Ces tus tub txawj ntse nkag mus rau hauv lub gymnasium hauv zos. Ntawm no nws tau paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm Chopin. Nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub maestro, cov tub ntxhais hluas Cui sau ib tug mazurka, uas nws dedicates nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv tuag. Thaum Moniuszko thawj zaug hnov Cui tej hauj lwm, nws pom zoo muab nws harmonica zaj lus qhia dawb. Tsawg tshaj li ib xyoos tom qab, nws twb ntaus lub cuab yeej zoo kawg nkaus.
Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 50s, Caesar los ua ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv nyob rau hauv lub zos engineering tsev kawm ntawv. Tom qab 4 xyoos, nws tau ua tus thawj coj. Thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 50, tus tub hluas kawm tiav los ntawm Nikolaev Engineering Academy nrog kev nce qib mus rau lieutenants. Hauv nws lub siab nws nyob tsuas yog rau suab paj nruag, tab sis rau tam sim no nws tau txaus siab nrog me ntsis.
Tsis ntev, Cui tau los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm kev tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd tau tsa tus thawj tswj hwm. Nws tswj kom tsim tau ib txoj hauj lwm ci ntsa iab thiab dhau los ua ib tus neeg hwm.
Txoj kev muaj tswv yim thiab suab paj nruag ntawm maestro Caesar Cui
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws thawj zaug tau nce qib ntawm tus xibfwb, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txais qib ntawm tus thawj coj loj. Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj coj hais txog kev siv armored turrets hauv av fortresses.
Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, cov lus nug uas muaj tseeb tshwm sim: yuav ua li cas, nrog lub sijhawm thiab lub neej tsis khoom, Cui kuj tuaj yeem koom nrog suab paj nruag. Caesar tswj qhov yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua - nws ci ntsa iab nrog kev ua haujlwm tseem ceeb, thiab lub sijhawm no nws kuj tau ua suab paj nruag. Nws pib sau romances thaum muaj hnub nyoog 19. Lub debut tej hauj lwm ntawm maestro twb txawm luam tawm, tab sis hmoov tsis, lawv tau txias tau txais los ntawm pej xeem. Nws pib kawm suab paj nruag tsuas yog tom qab kawm tiav los ntawm ib lub tsev kawm ntawv.
Tsuas yog lub sijhawm no, nws tau pom hauv lub tuam txhab Balakirev. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Mily tsis yog tsuas yog tus kws sau nkauj thiab ntaus suab paj nruag xwb, tab sis kuj yog tus kws qhia ntawv hwm. Nws tau los ua lub ntsiab ideological kev tshoov siab ntawm Cui. Yog li ntawd, Caesar tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub npe hu ua "Mighty Handful".
Raws li txoj kev, nws muab tawm hais tias lub maestro muaj ib tug tsis muaj zog sab - orchestration. Balakirev sim pab nws tus phooj ywg, thiab koom nrog hauv kev sau ntawv tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Cui, cov ntawv sau muaj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm Milia tau hais meej meej.
Cui thawj zaug ua haujlwm kom meej meej tsis muaj tus kheej, yog li Caesar raug yuam kom tsis kam txais kev pab ntxiv los ntawm Balakirev. Ua li ntawd, Milius muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lub suab thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm Caesar cov ntawv sau.
Lub maestro tau los ua ib tug ntawm cov brightest cwm pwm ntawm lub thiaj li hu ua "tshiab Lavxias teb sab tsev kawm ntawv", uas yog sawv cev los ntawm cov tswv cuab ntawm "Mighty Handful". Nws feem ntau luam tawm nws lub zeem muag ntawm qhov tshwm sim tom qab ntawd hauv ntiaj teb kab lis kev cai. Thaum ntawd, nws tau luam tawm siv lub tswv yim pseudonym "***". Thaum nws thuam Boris Godunov, uas ua rau mob siab rau tus sau ntawm Opera, tus kws ntaus nkauj thiab tus kws sau ntawv Mussorgsky.
Maestro lub debut
Tsis ntev, qhov kev nthuav qhia ntawm Caesar qhov debut opera tau tshwm sim. Peb tab tom tham txog kev ua haujlwm "Cov neeg raug txim ntawm Caucasus". Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov nthuav tawm opera tau sau nyob rau hauv txoj kab nrog cov qauv kev paub rau pej xeem los ntawm Rusalka. Txoj haujlwm no qhia tau meej meej tias Fabkis txoj kev ua yeeb yam tau txhawb nqa kev tsim ntawm Caesar's Prisoner of the Caucasus.
Reformatory undertakings nyob rau hauv ua yeeb yam suab paj nruag ua tau zoo kawg nkaus nyob rau hauv lub opera "William Ratcliffe". Lub maestro pib sau ib daim suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 60s. Nws xav muab cov ntawv nyeem thiab suab paj nruag ua ke. Tus kws sau paj huam ua tib zoo mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub suab, siv cov suab paj nruag thiab suab paj nruag nyob rau hauv lawv, nrog rau cov suab paj nruag ntawm orchestral accompaniment.
Qhov kev nthuav qhia ua hauj lwm thaum kawg tau qhib ib theem tshiab hauv kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab opera. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb "William Ratcliffe" tsis muaj lub teb chaws imprint. Trite, tab sis muaj tseeb. Orchestration tau dhau los ua qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm qhov nthuav tawm opera. Thaum "Ratcliff" tau npaj yuav ua yeeb yam hauv St. Petersburg, Cui nug cov neeg tuaj saib tsuas yog ib qho - tsis txhob tuaj koom qhov kev ua yeeb yam. Nws to taub tej kev qaug zog, thiab xav ua kom nws lub koob meej huv si.
Yog li ntawd, lub opera Ratcliff, uas nws npau suav ntawm kev tso rau ntawm lub theem, tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem tsuas yog tom qab peb xyoo lawm. Lub maestro tau ua tib zoo ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhawm rau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem lub suab zoo. Txoj hmoo zoo sib xws tau tshwm sim rau Angelo.
Ntau yam ntawm Cui cov suab paj nruag ua haujlwm tau hais rau menyuam yaus cov neeg tuaj saib. Nws tsim ib tug tag nrho series ntawm unforgettable compositions nyob rau hauv uas muaj ib qho chaw rau pranks, paub tsis meej thiab khawv koob. Operas rau cov me nyuam tau yooj yim, tab sis tib lub sij hawm lawv nyiam nrog lub complexity ntawm lub suab paj nruag. Lawv raug sau ua ib hom lus yooj yim tab sis nkag siab tau rau cov menyuam yaus cov neeg tuaj saib.
Ntawm cov maestro cov menyuam yaus nrov tshaj plaws operas yog:
- "Snow hero";
- "Little Red Riding Hood";
- "Puss hauv khau raj";
- "Ivan tus ruam".
Repertoire
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis tau hais tias lub maestro lub repertoire tau saturated nrog ntau romances. Nws sau ntau tshaj 400 lyric tej hauj lwm. Cui's novels yog devoid ntawm daim ntawv couplet thiab repetition ntawm cov ntawv nyeem, tab sis qhov no yog qhov uas lawv zest dag.
Kev xaiv ntawm cov ntawv rau lyrical tej hauj lwm yog ua tiav nrog zoo saj. Nws tswj los tsim ib daim duab puas siab puas ntsws los ntawm luv luv romances. Ntawm cov hauj lwm ntawm Cui muaj ib qho chaw tsis yog rau kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kev hlub ntsiab. Nws tau zoo nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv humorous.
Tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, cov txuj ci maestro feem ntau yog lyrical. Tsis yog, ua yeeb yam tsis yog nws style. Tus maestro tau zoo heev ntawm kev xa cov poj niam cov cim. Tab sis dab tsi raws nraim yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv nws suab paj nruag - lub grandiosity thiab lub hwj chim. Nws ua siab dawb ntxub rudeness, banality thiab phem saj. Cui tuaj yeem ua haujlwm rau nws cov haujlwm ntev. Cov maestro nyiam sau cov ntawv me me.
Txawm hais tias Caesar lub peev xwm pom tseeb, feem ntau ntawm nws cov opera "canvases" thaum kawg raug tshem tawm ntawm theem. Qhov no yog qhov nkag siab zoo heev thiab ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub peculiarities ntawm nws cov txuj ci, feem ntau yog chamber-lyrical.
Paub meej ntawm tus kheej lub neej
Xyoo 1858, tus maestro tau sib yuav tus ntxim nyiam Malvina Bamberg. Tus ntxhais tus kws qhia ntawv yog tus composer Dargomyzhsky. Cui tau mob siab rau nws qhov kev ua yeeb yam thawj zaug rau tus poj niam tshwj xeeb no. Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Caesar txoj haujlwm yog thawj tsab ntawv ntawm lub npe Malvina.
Nthuav qhov tseeb txog lub tshuab raj Caesar Cui
- Nws qhia rau Nicholas II nws tus kheej.
- Caesar luam tawm ntau phau ntawv. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog hauv cov tub rog Lavxias tau kawm los ntawm nws cov phau ntawv.
- Nws tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov suab paj nruag uas muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab tsis muaj zog. Nws tsis ntshai tiv thaiv kev nyiam ntawm niaj hnub composers.
- Nws tau ua ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua tub rog. Cui muaj ntau qhov kev ua tiav hauv kev tiv thaiv. Rau nws txoj haujlwm, nws tau txais ntau tshaj 10 xaj.
- Tus maestro pab ua kom tiav ib qho ntawm Mussorgsky's operas.
Lub xyoo kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm composer Caesar Cui
Nws outlived nws cov phooj ywg thiab cov npoj yaig. Nws tswj los tsim cov xwm txheej, qhov kev tawm tsam uas tau txhawb nqa los ntawm kev nyiam romantic tshaj tawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab intelligentsia. Xyoo 1918, nws tau sau ntawv rau M. S. Kerzina:
“Peb nyob ib hnub dhau ib hnub. Peb txias thiab tshaib plab. Thiab yog tias koj xav txog nws, dab tsi yog lub sijhawm keeb kwm nthuav dav uas peb tab tom mus dhau… ”.
4 lub hlis yuav dhau mus thiab nws cov entourage yuav qhia txog kev tuag ntawm maestro. Qhov ua rau tuag yog mob hlwb hemorrhage. Nws tuag rau lub Peb Hlis 26, 1918.
